減少和消除污染物排放的廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量。首(shou)先可(ke)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)改革工藝，減少甚至(zhi)不排廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，或者降低有毒廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的毒性。其次重(zhong)復利(li)用(yong)(yong)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。盡(jin)(jin)量采(cai)用(yong)(yong)重(zhong)復用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)及循環用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系統，使廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)排放減至(zhi)最少或將生產(chan)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)經適當處(chu)理(li)后循環利(li)用(yong)(yong)。如電鍍廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)閉路循環，高爐(lu)煤氣洗滌廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)經沉(chen)淀、冷卻后再用(yong)(yong)于洗滌。第(di)三控制廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)污染物濃(nong)度(du)，回收(shou)(shou)有用(yong)(yong)產(chan)品(pin)。盡(jin)(jin)量使流失在廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)的原料和產(chan)品(pin)與水(shui)(shui)(shui)分離，就地(di)回收(shou)(shou)，又可(ke)降低廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)濃(nong)度(du)。第(di)四處(chu)理(li)好城市垃圾與工業(ye)廢(fei)(fei)渣，避免因　　在(zai)(zai)(zai)追求可(ke)持續發展的(de)道(dao)路上(shang)，減(jian)少(shao)和最(zui)終消除污染物(wu)排放的(de)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)量是至關(guan)重要的(de)步驟。首先，我們應當從源頭上(shang)著手，通過改革生(sheng)產工藝來實現(xian)這一目標。這意味著要深入探索并(bing)采用更為環(huan)保的(de)生(sheng)產技術(shu)，力(li)求在(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)產過程中減(jian)少(shao)甚至完全避免(mian)(mian)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)的(de)產生(sheng)。同時，對于那(nei)些(xie)難(nan)以避免(mian)(mian)產生(sheng)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)的(de)工藝環(huan)節，我們應努力(li)降(jiang)低(di)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)中有毒物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)含(han)量，通過化學或物(wu)理方法降(jiang)低(di)其毒性，從而減(jian)少(shao)對環(huan)境的(de)潛在(zai)(zai)(zai)威脅。

　　其(qi)次，廢水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)重復利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)是(shi)另(ling)一個有(you)效減(jian)少排放量的(de)(de)(de)策略。在企業的(de)(de)(de)生產布局中(zhong)，應優先考慮建立(li)重復用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)及循環用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)系統，通過(guo)優化水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源配置(zhi)，確(que)保每一滴水(shui)(shui)都能得(de)到充分的(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。這不僅能夠顯著降低(di)(di)廢水(shui)(shui)排放的(de)(de)(de)總量，還能通過(guo)循環利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)降低(di)(di)生產成(cheng)本，實(shi)現經(jing)濟效益與環境效益的(de)(de)(de)雙贏(ying)。例如(ru)，在電鍍(du)行業中(zhong)，實(shi)施廢水(shui)(shui)閉路循環系統，可以(yi)大幅減(jian)少電鍍(du)廢水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)直接排放;而在鋼鐵冶(ye)煉過(guo)程中(zhong)，高爐煤氣洗(xi)滌廢水(shui)(shui)經(jing)過(guo)沉淀、冷卻(que)等處(chu)理后，可以(yi)再次用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于洗(xi)滌工序(xu)，實(shi)現了(le)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源的(de)(de)(de)循環利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。

　　第三，控制廢水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)污染(ran)(ran)物的濃度(du)，并(bing)積極(ji)回收有(you)用(yong)(yong)產(chan)品，是減少(shao)廢水(shui)(shui)危害(hai)、提升資(zi)源(yuan)利用(yong)(yong)率的又一(yi)重要途徑(jing)。在(zai)廢水(shui)(shui)處(chu)理過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，我們應采(cai)用(yong)(yong)先(xian)進的分(fen)(fen)離技術，努力將流(liu)失在(zai)廢水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)的原(yuan)料和(he)產(chan)品與水(shui)(shui)進行有(you)效分(fen)(fen)離，實現就(jiu)地(di)回收再(zai)利用(yong)(yong)。這樣(yang)不僅能夠減少(shao)廢水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)污染(ran)(ran)物的含(han)量，降低廢水(shui)(shui)處(chu)理的難度(du)和(he)成本(ben)，還能在(zai)一(yi)定(ding)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)上補充生產(chan)原(yuan)料，提高企業的資(zi)源(yuan)利用(yong)(yong)效率。

　　最后，處理好城市垃圾與工業廢渣也是防止水體污染的關鍵一環。這些廢棄物若得不到妥善處理，很容易在降水或徑流的沖刷、溶解下進入水體，造成嚴重的環境污染。因此，我們必須建立健全的垃圾和廢渣處理機制，通過分類收集、無害化處理、資源化利用等手段，確保這些廢棄物不會對水體造成污染。同時，加強公眾環保意識教育，引導社會各界共同參與環境保護，形成全社會共同關注、共同參與、共同監督的良好氛圍。降水或徑(jing)流的沖刷、溶解而污染(ran)水體。