
很多員工會(hui)發(fa)現在與公(gong)司(si)簽(qian)訂第三次合同(tong)時,往往都是無固定期限的(de),就會(hui)發(fa)問(wen)是不(bu)是簽(qian)訂無固定期限合同(tong)后,就相當于自己(ji)拿到了鐵(tie)飯碗,再(zai)也不(bu)用考慮(lv)解除(chu)關系或裁員的(de)風險,其實不(bu)然!
相(xiang)關勞(lao)動法(fa)規定(ding),無論簽訂的(de)是無固定(ding)期限(xian)(xian)勞(lao)動合(he)同還是固定(ding)期限(xian)(xian)勞(lao)動合(he)同,只要符合(he)法(fa)律規定(ding),勞(lao)動者和用人單位均可(ke)解除(chu)勞(lao)動合(he)同。
那么究竟在(zai)什么情(qing)況下,企業需要與勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者簽(qian)訂無固定期(qi)限勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)呢?哪些情(qing)況下是(shi)可以解(jie)除勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)的(de)?企業可以一直不簽(qian)訂無固定期(qi)限勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)嗎?
《中華人民共和國勞(lao)(lao)動合(he)(he)(he)同法(fa)》第十四(si)條:無(wu)固定期(qi)限勞(lao)(lao)動合(he)(he)(he)同,是(shi)指用(yong)人單(dan)位與勞(lao)(lao)動者約定無(wu)確定終止(zhi)時(shi)間(jian)的勞(lao)(lao)動合(he)(he)(he)同。
用人單位與勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)協商一(yi)致,可以訂(ding)立無(wu)固定(ding)期(qi)限勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同。有下列(lie)情形之一(yi),勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)提(ti)出或者(zhe)同意續訂(ding)、訂(ding)立勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同的,除勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)提(ti)出訂(ding)立固定(ding)期(qi)限勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同外,應當訂(ding)立無(wu)固定(ding)期(qi)限勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同:
(一(yi))勞動者(zhe)在該用人單位連續工作滿十(shi)年的;
(二)用人單位初次實行勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)同(tong)制(zhi)(zhi)度或者國有(you)企業(ye)改制(zhi)(zhi)重新訂立勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)同(tong)時,勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)者在該用人單位連續工(gong)作滿十年且距法定退休年齡(ling)不足十年的;
(三(san)) 連續訂立二次(ci)固(gu)定期(qi)限(xian)勞動(dong)(dong)合同(tong),且(qie)勞動(dong)(dong)者沒有本法第(di)三(san)十九條和第(di)四(si)十條第(di)一項、第(di)二項規定的情(qing)形,續訂勞動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)的。用(yong)人單(dan)位自用(yong)工之日起滿一年不(bu)與勞動(dong)(dong)者訂立書(shu)面勞動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)的,視為(wei)用(yong)人單(dan)位與勞動(dong)(dong)者已訂立無(wu)固(gu)定期(qi)限(xian)勞動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)。
根據《勞(lao)動合同(tong)法》第三(san)十(shi)六條,用(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)與(yu)勞(lao)動者協(xie)商一致,可(ke)以解除無(wu)固定期限勞(lao)動合同(tong)。如出現《勞(lao)動合同(tong)法》第三(san)十(shi)九、四(si)十(shi)、四(si)十(shi)一條等規(gui)定情形(xing)的,用(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)可(ke)以解除無(wu)固定期限勞(lao)動合同(tong)。
《勞動合同法(fa)》第(di)三十(shi)九條(tiao):勞動者有下列情形之一的,用人單(dan)位可以解除勞動合同:
1、在試用期間(jian)被(bei)證明(ming)不符合錄用條(tiao)件(jian)的;
2、嚴重(zhong)違反用人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)的規章制度的;
3、嚴(yan)重(zhong)失職,營私舞弊,給用人單(dan)位(wei)造成重(zhong)大損害的;
4、勞動者同(tong)時與其他用(yong)人單位(wei)建立勞動關(guan)系,對完成(cheng)本單位(wei)的工作任務造(zao)成(cheng)嚴重影響,或者經用(yong)人單位(wei)提出(chu),拒不改(gai)正(zheng)的;
5、因本法第(di)二十(shi)六(liu)條(tiao)第(di)一款第(di)一項規定的情形致使勞動合同無效(xiao)的;
6、被(bei)依法追(zhui)究刑事責(ze)任的。
《勞動合同法》第四(si)十(shi)一條:有下列情形(xing)之一,需要裁減人員(yuan)二(er)十(shi)人以上或者(zhe)裁減不足二(er)十(shi)人但占企(qi)業(ye)職工(gong)(gong)(gong)總數百分之十(shi)以上的,用人單位提前三十(shi)日(ri)向(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)會或者(zhe)全體職工(gong)(gong)(gong)說明情況,聽(ting)取工(gong)(gong)(gong)會或者(zhe)職工(gong)(gong)(gong)的意見后,裁減人員(yuan)方案(an)經向(xiang)勞動行政部門報(bao)告,可以裁減人員(yuan):
1、依照企業破產法(fa)規定進行重整的;
2、生產(chan)經營發生嚴重困難的(de);
3、企(qi)業轉產(chan)、重大技術革新(xin)或(huo)者經營(ying)方式調整,經變更勞(lao)動合同后,仍需裁減人員的;
4、其(qi)他因勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同訂立時所依據的客(ke)觀經濟情況發生重(zhong)大變化,致使勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同無法履行的。
用(yong)人單位依照本條第(di)一款規(gui)定(ding)裁減(jian)人員,在六個月內重新招(zhao)用(yong)人員的,應當通(tong)知被(bei)裁減(jian)的人員,并在同等(deng)條件下(xia)優先招(zhao)用(yong)被(bei)裁減(jian)的人員。
對(dui)符合(he)(he)《勞動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同法》第(di)四十一(yi)條規定的情形,用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位可(ke)以裁(cai)減包(bao)括訂立(li)無(wu)固(gu)定期(qi)限勞動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同勞動(dong)(dong)者在內人(ren)員,但裁(cai)減人(ren)員時應當優(you)先留用(yong)與本單(dan)位訂立(li)無(wu)固(gu)定期(qi)限勞動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同的人(ren)員。
《勞(lao)動(dong)合(he)同法(fa)》第十(shi)四(si)條第2款第3項(xiang)規定(ding),連續訂(ding)立兩次固(gu)(gu)定(ding)期限(xian)勞(lao)動(dong)合(he)同的,勞(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)與(yu)用人單位(wei)就續簽勞(lao)動(dong)合(he)同達(da)成一致意見的,除勞(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)提(ti)出簽訂(ding)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)期限(xian)勞(lao)動(dong)合(he)同外(wai),用人單位(wei)應當簽訂(ding)無固(gu)(gu)定(ding)期限(xian)勞(lao)動(dong)合(he)同。
如用人單(dan)(dan)(dan)位將(jiang)(jiang)正在履(lv)行的勞(lao)(lao)動合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)限延(yan)長(chang),不與勞(lao)(lao)動者簽(qian)訂無(wu)固定(ding)期(qi)限勞(lao)(lao)動合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong),將(jiang)(jiang)被認定(ding)為“用人單(dan)(dan)(dan)位免除自己的法(fa)定(ding)責任、排除勞(lao)(lao)動者權利”的行為,延(yan)長(chang)勞(lao)(lao)動合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)限的行為也(ye)將(jiang)(jiang)被視為再次(ci)(ci)訂立(li)(li)了(le)一次(ci)(ci)勞(lao)(lao)動合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong),會(hui)將(jiang)(jiang)其納入到勞(lao)(lao)動合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)訂立(li)(li)次(ci)(ci)數(shu)中,待(dai)延(yan)長(chang)期(qi)滿后,用人單(dan)(dan)(dan)位同(tong)(tong)(tong)意續簽(qian),勞(lao)(lao)動者未提出(chu)簽(qian)署(shu)固定(ding)期(qi)限勞(lao)(lao)動合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的,用人單(dan)(dan)(dan)位就必須簽(qian)署(shu)無(wu)固定(ding)期(qi)限勞(lao)(lao)動合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)。
如勞動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)主(zhu)動(dong)(dong)提出簽訂固(gu)定(ding)(ding)期(qi)限(xian)勞動(dong)(dong)合同,除非勞動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)有(you)證(zheng)據證(zheng)明用人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)存(cun)在欺(qi)詐、脅迫(po)等情(qing)形迫(po)使勞動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)訂立固(gu)定(ding)(ding)期(qi)限(xian)勞動(dong)(dong)合同的情(qing)況,否則,該(gai)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)期(qi)限(xian)勞動(dong)(dong)合同對(dui)用人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)與勞動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)均具有(you)法律約(yue)束力。